THE UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION ACT, 1956

THE

UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION

ACT, 1956

An Act to make provision for the co-ordination and determination of

standards in Universities and for that purpose, to establish a

University Grants Commission.

BE it enacted by Parliament in the Seventh Year of the Republic of India

as follows:-

CHAPTER I

PRELIMINARY

1. (1) This Act may be called the University Grants

Comission Act, 1956.

(2) It shall come into force on such date1 as the

Central Government may, by notification in the

Official Gazette, appoint.

2. In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires-

(a) “Commission” means the University Grants

Commission established under section 4;

(b) “executive authority” in relation to a University,

means the chief executive authority of the

University (by whatever name called) in which

the general administration of the University is

vested;

(c) “Fund” means the Fund of the University Grants

Commission constituted under section 16;

(d) “member’ means a member of the University

Grants Commission and includes the Chairman2

(and Vice-Chairman];

(e) “prescribed’ means prescribed by rules made

under this Act;

Short title and

commencement

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210th Report on Humanisation and Decriminalisation of Attempt to Suicide

210th Report on Humanisation and Decriminalisation of Attempt to Suicide

Dear Dr. Bhardwaj ji,

Sub: Humanization and Decriminalization of Attempt to Suicide.


I have great pleasure in submitting herewith the 210th Report of
the Law Commission of India on the above subject.
In our country, attempt to suicide is an offence punishable
under section 309 of the Indian Penal Code. Section 309 reads thus:
Attempt to commit suicide. “Whoever attempts to commit
suicide and does any act towards the commission of such
offence, shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term
which may extend to one year or with fine, or with both.”
Article 21 of the Constitution of India enjoins that no person
shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to
procedure established by law.
A Division Bench of the Supreme Court in P. Rathinam v.
Union of India (AIR 1994 SC 1844) held that the right to live of
which Article 21 speaks of can be said to bring in its trail the right not
to live a forced life, and therefore, section 309 violates Article 21.
This decision was, however, subsequently overruled in Gian Kaur v.
State of Punjab (AIR 1996 SC 946) by a Constitution Bench of the
Supreme Court, holding that Article 21 cannot be construed to include
within it the ‘right to die’ as a part of the fundamental right
guaranteed therein, and therefore, it cannot be said that section 309 is
violative of Article 21.
The Law Commission had undertaken revision of the Indian
Penal Code as part of its function of revising Central Acts of general
application and importance. In its 42nd Report submitted in 1971, the
6
Commission recommended, inter alia, repeal of section 309. The
Indian Penal Code (Amendment) Bill, 1978, as passed by the Rajya
Sabha, accordingly provided for omission of section 309.
Unfortunately, before it could be passed by the Lok Sabha, the Lok
Sabha was dissolved and the Bill lapsed. The Commission submitted
its 156th Report in 1997 after the pronouncement of the judgement in
Gian Kaur, recommending retention of section 309.


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THE CODE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE, 1908

THE CODE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE, 1908

An Act to consolidate and amend the laws relating to the procedure of the Courts of Civil Judicature.
WHEREAS it is expedient to consolidate and amend the laws relating to the procedure of the Courts of Civil Judicature; it is hereby enacted as follows:-

PRELIMINARY

1. Short title, commencement and extent- (1) This Act may be cited as the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908.
(2) It shall come into force on the first day of January, 1909.
[2][(3) It extends to the whole of India except-
(a) the State of Jammu and Kashmir;
(b) the State of Nagaland and the tribal areas :
Provided that the State Government concerned may, by notification in the Official Gazette, extend the provisions of this Code or any of them to the whole or part of the State of Nagaland or such tribal areas, as the case may be, with such supplemental, incidental or consequential modifications as may be specified in the notification.
Explanation-In this clause, "tribal areas" means the territories which, immediately before the 21st day of January, 1972 were included in the tribal areas of Assam as referred to in paragraph 20 of the Sixth Schedule to the Constitution.
(4) In relation to the Amindivi Islands, and the East Godavari, West Godavari and Visakhapatnam Agencies in the State of Andhra Pradesh and the Union territory of Lakshadweep, the application of this Code shall be without prejudice to the application of any rule or regulation for the time being in force in such Islands, Agencies or such Union territory, as the case may be, relating to the application of this Code.]



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THE ADVOCATES ACT,1961

THE ADVOCATES ACT,1961

STATEMENT OF OBJECTS AND REASONS
The Bill seeks to implement the recommendations of the All India Bar Committee made in 1953, after taking into account the recommendations of the Law Commission on the subject of Reform of Judicial Administration in so far as the recommendations relate to the Bar and to legal education.
The main features of the Bill are, -
(1) The establishment of an All India Bar Council and a common roll of advocates, and advocate on the common roll having a right to practice in any part of the country and in any Court, including the Supreme Court;
2. The integration of the bar into a single class of legal practitioners know as advocates;
3. The prescription of a uniform qualification for the admission of persons to be advocates;
4. The division of advocates into senior advocates and other advocates based on merit;
5. The creation of autonomous Bar Councils, one for the whole of India and on for each State.
Following the recommendations of the All India Bar Committee and the Law Commission, the Bill recognised the continued existence of the system known as the dual system now prevailing in the High Court of Calcutta and Bombay, by making suitable provisions in that behalf: It would, however, be open to t he two High Courts, if they so desire, to discontinue this system at any time.

THE ADVOCATES ACT,1961

Indian Penal Code 1860

Indian Penal Code 1860

Title and extent of operation of the Code.-- This Act shall be called the Indian Penal Code, and shall 3[ extend to the whole of India 4[ except the State of Jammu and Kashmir]].

2. Punishment of offences committed within India.-- Every person shall be liable to punishment under this Code and not otherwise for every act or omission contrary to the provisions thereof, of which he shall be guilty within 5[ India] 6[ .

3. Punishment of offences committed beyond, but which by law may be tried within, India.-- Any person liable, by any 7[ Indian law], to be tried for an offence committed beyond 5[ India] shall be dealt with according to the provisions of this Code for any act committed beyond 5[ India] in the same manner as if such act had been committed within 5[ India].

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Indian Contract Act, 1872

Indian Contract Act, 1872

This Act may be called be the Indian Contract Act, 1872.
Extent, commencement - It extends to the whole of except the State of Jammu and Kashmir; and it shall come into force on the first day of September, 1872.
Enactment repealed - [***] Nothing herein contained shall affect the provisions of any Statute, Act or Regulation not hereby expressly repealed, nor any usage or customs of trade, nor any incident of any contract, not inconsistent with the provisions of this Act. 

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CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE, 1973

An Act to consolidate and amend the law relating to Criminal Procedure. BE it enacted by Parliament in the Twenty-fourth Year of the Republic of India as follows:-

CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE, 1973

CHAPTER I

PRELIMINARY

1.Short title, extent and commencement- 
(1) This Act may be called the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973.

(2) It extends to the whole of India except the State of Jammu and Kashmir:

Provided that the provisions of this Code, other than those relating to Chapters VIII, X and XI thereof, shall not apply-

(a)to the State of Nagaland,

(b)to the tribal areas,

but the concerned State Government may, by notification, apply such provisions or any of them to the whole or part of the State of Nagaland or such tribal areas, as the case may be, with such supplemental, incidental or consequential modifications, as may be specified in the notification.

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